Urology is the branch of medicine concerned with the urinary tract in both genders, and with the genital tract or reproductive system in the male. Urogenital is a word that refers to the urinary and genital organs. The medical specialty of Obstetrics and Gynecology specializes in the reproduction (genital) system of females. Nephrology is the medical specialty concerned with the kidneys. The most serious and debilitating of kidney and urinary tract diseases include: * end-stage renal disease (ESRD) * stone disease * urinary incontinence * benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) * interstitial cystitis * urinary tract infection * polycystic kidney disease Other, non-related diseases have a tremendous impact on the disability and death associated with kidney and urologic diseases, including diabetes and hypertension.